Antioxidants are substances that can protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage DNA, proteins, and other cellular components. They are produced by the body as a byproduct of metabolism, but they can also be generated by exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, pollution, and radiation.
Cancer is a disease that is characterised by uncontrolled cell growth. One way that cancer cells grow uncontrollably is by producing more free radicals than normal cells. Antioxidants work by tracking down free radicals and neutralising their harmful effects. That helps keep more of the body’s cells healthy and less susceptible to becoming cancerous.
Here’s a look at how antioxidants work, their role in preventing or treating cancer, and the best ways to get your fill.
Some of the most common antioxidants:
1. Vitamin C: Found abundantly in fruits and vegetables, vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage, supports the immune system, and aids in collagen production.
2. Vitamin E: This fat-soluble antioxidant is commonly found in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidative damage and plays a role in overall immune function.
3. Selenium: This mineral is found in Brazil nuts, seafood, and poultry. Selenium acts as an antioxidant by working with enzymes that help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
4. Flavonoids: These are a group of antioxidants found in various plant-based foods, such as berries, citrus fruits, onions, and tea. Flavonoids have been associated with a range of health benefits, including reduced inflammation and lower risk of certain cancers.
5. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Naturally produced by the body, CoQ10 acts as an antioxidant and plays a vital role in energy production within cells. It can also be found in organ meats, oily fish, and whole grains.
6. Beta-carotene: Found in colourful fruits and vegetables like carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach, beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A in the body. It acts as an antioxidant, supporting eye health, skin health, and immune function.
Potential benefits of antioxidants in cancer management:
A. Protection against DNA damage: Free radicals can cause DNA damage, leading to mutations and potentially triggering the development of cancer. Antioxidants help protect DNA from oxidative damage, maintaining its integrity and reducing the risk of cancer initiation and progression.
B. Support for the immune system: Antioxidants, particularly vitamins C and E, play a crucial role in supporting immune function. A strong immune system is essential for detecting and eliminating cancer cells, and antioxidants help bolster the immune response, enhancing the body’s natural defences against cancer.
C. Anti-inflammatory effects: Chronic inflammation is closely linked to cancer development and progression. Some antioxidants, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce inflammation in the body. By mitigating inflammation, antioxidants may contribute to a healthier cellular environment and potentially hinder cancer growth.
D. Reducing oxidative stress: One of the primary benefits of antioxidants in cancer management is their ability to reduce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body’s antioxidant defence system. Antioxidants help neutralise free radicals, reducing the damage they can cause to cells and DNA.
E. Potential synergy with conventional treatments: While further research is needed, some studies suggest that certain antioxidants may enhance the effectiveness of conventional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Antioxidants may help protect healthy cells from treatment-related damage while sensitising cancer cells to the effects of therapy, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
The intricate relationship between antioxidants and cancer management continues to intrigue researchers and healthcare professionals alike. While the role of antioxidants in preventing and treating cancer remains a complex and evolving field, there is growing evidence to suggest their potential benefits. However, it is important to approach the topic with caution and balance. The use of antioxidants should be considered in the context of an individual’s specific cancer diagnosis, stage, and treatment plan.